Grammar

 

PREFIX -- SUFFIXES

 

Prefix:-

·         Prefix come at the beginning of the word.

·         These are usually two to three alphabets long.

·         By using Prefix, it’ll change the word’s meaning.

·         A Prefix is a group of letters that is placed before the root of a word.

For example; the word “disclose” consists of the prefix “dis”- combine with the root (or stem) word “close”, the words “disclose”

 

word

prefix

new word

happy

un-

unhappy

cultural

multi-

multicultural

work

over-

overwork

space

cyber-

cyberspace

market

super-

supermarket

 

Suffixes:-

·         Suffixes are added to the end of an existing word.

·         For example:

 

word

suffix

new word

child

-ish

childish

work

- er

worker

taste

-less

tasteless

idol

-ize/-ise

idolize/idolise

like

-able

likeable

 

Article :-

·         Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific. 

1.   A

2.   An

3.   The

For example;

          After a long day, a cup of tea tastes particularly good.

By using the Article “a”, we’ve created a general statement, implying that any cup of tea would taste good after any long day.

For example;

                     My mother is an honest woman.

similarly, when the first letter of a word is a vowel but is pronounced with a consonant sound, use a, as in the sample sentence below:

There are a few exceptions to the general rule of using a before words that start with consonants and” an” before words that begin with vowels. 

For example;

         After the long day, the cup of tea tasted particularly good.

By using the Article  “the”, we’ve shown that it was one specific day that was long and one specific cup of tea that tasted good.

Preposition:-

IN, ON, AT

IN   -  Years, Months

ON  -  Dates, Days

AT  -   Time

India got independence IN 1947

India got independence ON 15th Aug

India got independence AT 12:00 Midnight

For Example;

1.   This year my birthday falls ON a Sunday.

2.   My mom usually wakes up AT 4:00 am.

3.   My dad started his business IN 2005.

4.   Her granny died ON 18th of the Month.

5.   We are sure to receive rainfall IN November.

IN, ON

IN (உள்ளே)

1.   There is a snake IN his school bag.

2.   The pen is IN the drawer.

3.   The child is sleeping IN the room

ON (à®®ேலே)

1.   There is a snake ON his school bag.

2.   The pen is ON the table.

3.   The monkey is sleeping ON the tree.

 

 IN, AT

IN – (Bigger place)             AT – (Smaller place)

      General                          Exact

·       I live IN Tamil Nadu AT Chennai.

·       I live IN Chennai AT Yamuna street.

·       She is good IN sports.

·       She is good AT Javelin throw.

·       My granny lives IN Tamil Nadu AT a Village.

 

BY, WITH

BY (living thing)  

1.   He was bitten BY a snake.

2.   The car was driven BY an old Women.

3.   The cat was killed BY the beggar.

4.   I was invited BY my friend.

5.   The President was garlanded BY the Children.

 

WITH (Non-living thing) 

1.   The snake was beaten WITH a rod.

2.   The car was cleaned WITH a brush.

3.   The cat was chased away WITH a stick.

4.   I welcomed him WITH a simile.

5.   He dug the well WITH a spade.

 

 

 

BETWEEN, AMONG

BETWEEN (Just 2)

1.   The teacher distributed the sweets BETWEEN Rani and Kavi.

2.   Can you distinguish BETWEEN good and evil?

3.   Divide the property BETWEEN the two brothers.

4.   There was a quarrel BETWEEN the two brothers.

AMONG (more than 2)

1.   The teacher distributed the sweets AMONG my friends.

2.   There was a quarrel AMONG the brothers and sisters

3.   The moon was shining AMONG the stars.

4.   The teacher stood AMONG the students

 

BESIDE, BESIDES

BESIDE (Near)

1.   The little girl sat BESIDE me.

2.   The husband sat BESIDE his wife.

3.   A chair was placed BESIDE the table.

4.   There is a television set BESIDE my bed

BESIDES (In Addition to)

1.   BESIDES sports he excels in academics.

2.   BESIDES his wife, the husband had another friend.

3.   BESIDES giving him books, I gave him pens.

4.   BESIDES singers, there were dancers on the stage.

 

 

 

SINCE, FOR

SINCE (point of time)

1.   I have been studying SINCE morning.

2.   Anil has been learning French SINCE 2000.

3.   My mom has been cooking food SINCE evening.

4.   I have been living in Dubai SINCE 1990

FOR (period of time)

1.   I have been studying FOR 6 hours.

2.   Anil has been learning French FOR 19 years.

3.   Sita has been dancing FOR 4 hours.

4.   She has been teaching English FOR 20 years.

 

ON, UPON

ON (used for things at rest)

1.   The tiger sat ON the rock

2.   The robber fell ON the beg of gold

3.   He throws the plate ON the floor

4.   The rested his hands ON his friend’s shoulders.

UPON (used for things in motion)

1.   The tiger sprang UPON the deer

2.   The robber fell UPON merchant.

3.   The cat pounced UPON the rat

 

ACROSS, ALONG

ACROSS (moving across)

1.   There is a bridge ACROSS the river.

2.   He went ACROSS the road to meet his friend

3.   The swimmer went ACROSS the stream.

4.   The birds flow ACROSS the sky.

 

ALONG (moving by the side of)

1.   she walked ALONG the platform of the road.

2.   We walked ALONG the shore.

3.   We stood ALONG the roadside to see the Processiorr.

4.   The teacher asked the students to come ALONG with her.

 

With, from

Part WITH (Non-living)

1.   Are you ready to Part WITH your bag?

2.   Tina wanted to Part WITH her old bicycle.

3.   She was not ready to Part WITH her old jewellery.

 

 

Part FROM (living)

1.   Are you ready to Part FROM your brother?

2.   Reeta was not ready to Part FROM her pet dog.

3.   The students were not willing to Part FROM their old teacher.   


 

TENSES:-

 

PRESENT TENSE                              

·         Simple present tense

·         Present continuous tense

·         Present perfect tense

·         Present perfect continuous tense

 

PAST TENSE

·         Simple past tense

·         Past continuous tense

·         Past perfect tense

·         Past perfect continuous tense

 

FUTURE TENSE

·         Simple future tense

·         Future continuous tense

·         Future perfect tense

·         Future perfect continuous tense

 

Simple Present tense;

Keywords à daily, usually, generally, regularly, how a Days, today, everyday

For examples;

Ø  She reads English books daily.

Ø  The birds sing a song in the morning.

Ø  He loves to play football.

Present Continuous Tense;

Keywords à Ing

For examples;

Ø  We are eating seafood.

Ø  He is driving an electric car.

Ø  She is not singing a good song.

Present Perfect Tense;

Keywords à just now, so far, already, since, for, yet

For examples;

Ø  I have finished my homework.

Ø  He has passed the exam.

Ø  She has cleaned her kitchen.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense;

Keywords à since, for

For examples;

Ø  You have been calling her friend.

Ø  They have been studying hard.

Ø  He has been sleeping since afternoon.

PAST TENSE:-

Simple past tense;

Keywords à once, yesterday, long ago, previous day, the day before, last month,

For examples;

Ø  We played video games after school.

Ø  I cooked delicious food.

Ø  She wore new clothes to the party.

Past continuous tense;

Keywords à while, when, yesterday by this time,

For examples;

Ø  They were buying a new house in the city.

Ø  We were going to the library yesterday.

Ø  He was doing a great job.

Past perfect tense;

Keywords à by, already, before, after

Ø  He had eaten snacks before dinner.

Ø  She had gone to swimming classes.

Ø  Had they run very fast in the marathon?

Past perfect continuous tense

Keywords à since, for

For examples;

Ø  She had been working for four dinner.

Ø  We had been watching a horror movie.

Ø  They hadn’t been calling her friend.

 

FUTURE TENSE:-

Simple future tense;

Keywords à tomorrow, a day after tomorrow,

Ø  She will buy a new car for dad.

Ø  He will read all the lessons today.

Ø  A teacher will teach the whole on her mobile.

Future continuous tense;

Keywords à by this time tomorrow/next month/next week/year

For example;

Ø  My teacher will be teaching in a classroom.

Ø  I will be losing weight every day.

Ø  She will be watching a movie on her mobile.

Future perfect tense;

Keywords à by the end of the week/moths/year.

For examples;

Ø  She will have written a letter.

Ø  He will have sung a French song.

Ø  They will have build a house.

Future perfect continuous tense;

Keywords à by next months, by 2020.

For examples;

Ø  He will have been reading a book since morning.

Ø  I will have been talking for one hour.

Ø  It will have been snowing for a week.

 

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